What is the impact of the New York City Community Schools initiative?

What is the impact of the New York City Community Schools initiative?
Research published by the RAND Corporation assesses the impact of the New York City Community Schools initiative (NYC-CS) on outcomes related to attendance, achievement, student behavior, and school climate and culture.
 
Launched in 2014, the NYC-CS is a strategy to organize resources in schools and provide various services to address the comprehensive needs of students, families, and communities through collaboration with community agencies and local government. As part of the study, William R. Johnston and colleagues assessed the effects of NYC-CS during the 2017-2018 school year to determine whether students were performing better than they would be had their schools not been designated as Community Schools, using average student outcomes in each school.
 
Among the key findings, the results indicate that NYC-CS had positive effects on most of the outcomes examined. In particular, NYC-CS had a positive impact on attendance for students in all grades, and these effects appear to be increasing over time. There was also evidence that NYC-CS led to a reduction in disciplinary incidents for elementary and middle school students, but not for high school students.

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