This field-based randomized trialfrom Early Childhood Research Quarterlyexamined the effects of a summer literacy program on struggling readers. The study, which was conducted in one Pacific Northwest school district, found that students who were randomly assigned to summer school had a greater change in their literacy performance at the end of the summer than those that didn't attend. Overall, students who didn't attend summer school showed mean declines in reading of nonsense words (a standard test of fluency) of approximately five words per minute over the summer, while students who attended summer school at the end of Kindergarten had a fluency gain of approximately 12 words-per-minute. Students at the end of Grade 1 had a fluency gain of 7.5 words per minute.
The findings are generally consistent with previous studies of summer school effects and the summer learning outcomes of children, and suggest that summer school can be a useful strategy to support learning over the summer months.
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